The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) has formally recognized the withdrawal of Niger, Mali, and Burkina Faso. The decision, announced on January 29th,2025, comes after more than a year of strained relations following military takeovers in the three Sahelian nations.

In a statement, ECOWAS confirmed that the departure of the three nations has become effective, though it urged its remaining 12 member states to continue recognizing their national passports and maintaining trade relations until further notice.

What Led to their Withdrawal

ECOWAS ties with the three nations worsened after Niger’s July 2023 coup, demanding Bazoum’s reinstatement and threatening military intervention. This action was not supported by Mali and Burkina Faso who promised to intervene if there’s an attack on Niger.

In January 2024, the three nations jointly announced their exit, accusing ECOWAS of failing on security and aligning with foreign powers.

They subsequently formed the Alliance of Sahel States, a regional coalition focused on security cooperation.

The juntas cut military ties with their Western partners, forming new alliances with Russia, Turkey, and Iran to tackle insurgencies and pressures.

Impact of The Withdrawal on Ousted Countries and ECOWAS

The military-led governments believe their exit will enhance their sovereignty and free them from external influence. However, analysts warn that leaving ECOWAS could pose economic difficulties.

Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso are landlocked nations heavily reliant on trade with their West African neighbors.

Despite their departure, ECOWAS allows departing nation’s citizens to use its passports and Identity document. They will also remain part of the bloc’s free-trade system.

Ulf Laessing, head of Sahel program at Konrad Adenauer Foundation revealed that the split will worsen a legitimacy crisis, as it has often failed to uphold the rule of law.

He stressed that the withdrawal of the three states makes ECOWAS look like a loser in this conflict, according to the Associated Press. ECOWAS President Omar Alieu Touray, emphasized the bloc’s commitment to regional solidarity despite the split.

“We have kept ECOWAS’ doors open,” he said, reaffirming that any departing member was welcome to return.

To solidify their departure and strengthen their partnership, the three nations have begun issuing new AES passports.

Additionally, they have agreed to form a joint military force of 5,000 troops to tackle the ongoing jihadist threats in their territories.

About ECOWAS

ECOWAS was established on 28th May 1975, with the signing of the Treaty of Lagos, to promote economic integration across the region.

ECOWAS aims to enhance economic cooperation among members to improve living standards and drive economic development. It has also worked to address some security issues by developing a peacekeeping force for conflicts in the region.